In terms of its properties, it should be considered a highclass refrigerant. This should be as small as possible in order to have a small size of the compressor. Use of hcfc in the refrigeration industry in the nordic countries. Refrigeration relates to the cooling of air or liquids, thus providing lower. A refrigerant is a substance, usually a fluid chemical compounds, that is used in a refrigeration cycle to cool a space. R4a has relatively low pressure and therefore about 50% larger compressor displacement is required when compared to r22. The carbon dioxide system can also be oilfree, which gives rise to improved heat. With regard to components and system technology a number of particularities are to follow as well. To enable the use of smaller compressors and other equipment the refrigerant should have smaller vapor density. Refrigerants and their application presented by thomas e. Usually, a fluid, used in a heat pump and refrigeration cycle that can extract heat from another body or substance. Chapter 4 gives several examples of new hfcfree refrigeration systems. Linde strongly advocates the use of refrigerant gases with zero ozone depletion potential and fully supports the phase out of hcfcs. Figure 1 shows the schematic of the prototype oilfree refrigeration unit and.
Fellow ashrae mcquay international staunton, virginia usa 1 what is a refrigerant. R152a and r161 have appropriate properties but are flammable. Refrigerants are substances that can be used in the refrigeration cycle of air conditioning and refrigeration equipment because of their thermodynamic properties. Refrigerants capture heat and then release it to another space by using the thermodynamic phenomena of phase changes, in which a fluid changes to a gas or vice versa in the refrigeration cycle. Pdf refrigeration and airconditioning play a vital role in domestic. Pdf refrigeration and airconditioning play a vital role in domestic and. Alternatives for hcfc and hfc refrigerants halogen free refrigerants. Modelling of refrigerant distribution in an oilfree. Refrigerants for commercial refrigeration applications. The flood of the airconditioner, that is, the refrigerants, their properties, merits and demerits are summarized to map the. Compare performance of multiple refrigerants, learn the line sizing, and much more all for free. Add the engineering toolbox extension to your sketchup from the sketchup pro sketchup.
Chlorofluorocarbons cfcs, hydrochlorofluorocarbons hcfcs and hydrofluorocarbons hfcs are synthetic substances used as refrigerants. Institute of standards and technology nist thermal properties. Refrigerant r22 has approxi mately 55% higher refrigerating capacity and pressure levels than r12. Refrigerants environmental properties refrigerants ozone. Refrigerants physical properties engineering toolbox. Pdf refrigerant types, issues, trends and future options. The significantly higher discharge gas temperature is also a critical factor compared to r12 fig.